Chemical Reactions
Understanding how substances interact and transform.
π Synthesis Reactions
Two or more reactants combine to form a single product.
A + B β AB
Example: 2Hβ + Oβ β 2HβO (water formation)
βοΈ Decomposition Reactions
A single compound breaks into two or more products.
AB β A + B
Example: 2HβO β 2Hβ + Oβ (electrolysis)
π₯ Combustion Reactions
A substance combines with oxygen, releasing energy as heat and light.
Example: CHβ + 2Oβ β COβ + 2HβO (burning methane)
β‘ Oxidation-Reduction (Redox)
Electrons are transferred between reactants. One substance is oxidized (loses electrons), another is reduced (gains electrons).
Example: Zn + CuSOβ β ZnSOβ + Cu
π§² Single Displacement
One element replaces another in a compound.
A + BC β AC + B
π Double Displacement
Ions of two compounds exchange places to form two new compounds.
AB + CD β AD + CB
π§ͺ Acid-Base Reactions
An acid donates a proton (HβΊ) to a base. These reactions often produce salts and water.
Example: HCl + NaOH β NaCl + HβO
β’οΈ Nuclear Reactions
Changes in atomic nuclei rather than electron arrangements. Include fission, fusion, and radioactive decay. Energy release follows E = mcΒ².